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Dorit Bar-On develops and defends an original view of avowals and self-knowledge which offers systematic answers to many persistent questions concerning our ability to know our own minds. According to Bar-On's Neo-Expressivist view, avowals - those everyday spontaneous pronouncements that we make about our own present states of mind - are acts through which we directly express, rather than merely report, the very mental conditions the avowals ascribe. Verbal acts of speaking ourminds are thus similar to natural expressions, such as sighing, or smiling; they show, rather than simply telling of

Connaissance de soi [Theorie de la ] --- Introspection (Theory of knowledge) --- Knowledge [Reflexive ] --- Knowledge of self [Theory of ] --- Reflexive knowledge --- Self-knowledge [Theory of ] --- Zelfkennis [Theorie van de ] --- Philosophical anthropology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy of language --- Self-knowledge, Theory of --- Knowledge, Reflexive --- Knowledge of self, Theory of --- Reflection (Theory of knowledge) --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Personality (Theory of knowledge) --- Self (Philosophy) --- Self-knowledge, Theory of.

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L'accomplissement de soi est la grande inquiétude de la modernité, car l'individu se cherche là où il n'est pas : soit dans une intériorité close où, à force d'être face à lui-même, il n'éprouve plus que le vide de son être, soit dans la pure extériorité des relations mondaines qui le dispersent. Entre le retour indéfini sur soi et l'éclatement de soi par le monde, il ne sait plus qui il est et comment se rassembler. La revalorisation actuelle de la posture stoïcienne de la citadelle intérieure révèle une angoisse irrépressible face à la possibilité d'être soi dans le monde. En réponse à cette mise en question, la construction d'un bunker de l'intériorité ne peut donner qu'une illusion de liberté. La philosophie médiévale (saint Augustin, saint Thomas d'Aquin) propose une autre façon d'être soi, de se soucier de soi, dans laquelle l'immensité non maîtrisable de notre intériorité devient lieu d'ouverture et de réponse à l'altérité. Tout notre être, y compris notre sensibilité, peut et doit participer à la recherche de la sagesse ; il y a ainsi une sagesse fondamentale des passions. La métaphysique de la subjectivité (Kierkegaard) et la phénoménologie contemporaine (Husserl, Binswanger, Lévinas et Maldiney) réactualisent, après des siècles d'oubli, cette affectivité comme source d'une intériorité vivante, c'est-à-dire ouverte. Le témoignage, la patience et la compassion montrent qu'il n'y a pas de devoir sans affection et qu'il n'est possible d'être soi qu'en s'exposant à l'événement. Entre l'intériorité d'île et l'intériorité d'exil, l'homme doit choisir son style d'existence : être en exil et vivre, ou rester en soi et mourir

Philosophical anthropology --- Self-knowledge, Theory of --- Other (Philosophy) --- Introspection (Theory of knowledge) --- Knowledge, Reflexive --- Knowledge of self, Theory of --- Reflection (Theory of knowledge) --- Reflexive knowledge --- Alterity (Philosophy) --- Otherness (Philosophy) --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Personality (Theory of knowledge) --- Self (Philosophy) --- Philosophy

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Since Socrates, and through Descartes to the present day, the problems of self-knowledge have been central to philosophy's understanding of itself. Today the idea of ''first-person authority''--the claim of a distinctive relation each person has toward his or her own mental life--has been challenged from a number of directions, to the point where many doubt the person bears any distinctive relation to his or her own mental life, let alone a privileged one. In Authority and Estrangement, Richard Moran argues for a reconception of the first-person and its claims. Indeed, he writes, a more thorough repudiation of the idea of privileged inner observation leads to a deeper appreciation of the systematic differences between self-knowledge and the knowledge of others, differences that are both irreducible and constitutive of the very concept and life of the person. Masterfully blending philosophy of mind and moral psychology, Moran develops a view of self-knowledge that concentrates on the self as agent rather than spectator. He argues that while each person does speak for his own thought and feeling with a distinctive authority, that very authority is tied just as much to the disprivileging of the first-person, to its specific possibilities of alienation. Drawing on certain themes from Wittgenstein, Sartre, and others, the book explores the extent to which what we say about ourselves is a matter of discovery or of creation, the difficulties and limitations in being ''objective'' toward ourselves, and the conflicting demands of realism about oneself and responsibility for oneself. What emerges is a strikingly original and psychologically nuanced exploration of the contrasting ideals of relations to oneself and relations to others.

Self-knowledge, Theory of. --- Introspection (Theory of knowledge) --- Knowledge, Reflexive --- Knowledge of self, Theory of --- Reflection (Theory of knowledge) --- Reflexive knowledge --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Personality (Theory of knowledge) --- Self (Philosophy)

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Self-knowledge, Theory of. --- Introspection (Theory of knowledge) --- Knowledge, Reflexive --- Knowledge of self, Theory of --- Reflection (Theory of knowledge) --- Reflexive knowledge --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Personality (Theory of knowledge) --- Self (Philosophy)

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Theory of knowledge --- Externalism (Philosophy of mind) --- Self-knowledge, Theory of --- Introspection (Theory of knowledge) --- Knowledge, Reflexive --- Knowledge of self, Theory of --- Reflection (Theory of knowledge) --- Reflexive knowledge --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Personality (Theory of knowledge) --- Self (Philosophy) --- Philosophy of mind